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In botany, perennation is the ability of organisms, particularly plants, to survive from one germinating season to another, especially under unfavourable conditions such as drought or winter cold. It typically involves development of a perennating organ , which stores enough nutrients to sustain the organism during the unfavourable season, and ...
Above the species level, plant lineages clearly vary in their tendency for annuality or perenniality (e.g., wheat vs. oaks). On a microevolutionary timescale, a single plant species may show different annual or perennial ecotypes (e.g., adapted to dry or tropical range), as in the case of the wild progenitor of rice (Oryza rufipogon).
The start of dormancy can be seen in perennial plants through withering flowers, loss of leaves on trees, and halting of reproduction in both flowering and budding plants. [ 19 ] Perennial species may produce relatively large seeds that have the advantage of generating larger seedlings that can better compete with other plants.
Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Underground stems are modified plant parts that derive from stem tissue but exist under the soil surface. [1] They function as storage tissues for food and nutrients, facilitate the propagation of new clones, and aid in perennation (survival from one growing season to the next). [2]
Flowers and tuber of Anredera cordifolia. A stem tuber forms from thickened rhizomes or stolons. The top sides of the tuber produce shoots that grow into typical stems and leaves and the undersides produce roots. They tend to form at the sides of the parent plant and are most often located near the soil surface.
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