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The George W. Bush administration put the Continuity of Operations plan into effect for the first time directly following the September 11 attacks.Their implementation involved a rotating staff of 75 to 150 senior officials and other government workers from every federal executive department and other parts of the executive branch in two secure bunkers on the East Coast.
COGCON ("continuity of government readiness condition") is a United States government readiness level, roughly analogous to the DEFCON alert state system, tracking the readiness of the government in the event of an emergency.
Spread throughout various locations across the country, the United States' Continuity of Operations facilities coordinate the geographic dispersion of leadership, staff, and infrastructure in order to maintain the functions of the United States government in the event(s) that national security is compromised by a terrorist attack or natural disaster.
Executive Order 11490, titled “Assigning Emergency Preparedness Functions to Federal Departments and Agencies,” was an executive order issued by President Richard Nixon on October 28, 1969. It mandated federal agencies to develop comprehensive plans for maintaining essential functions during national emergencies, including scenarios such as ...
The National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive (National Security Presidential Directive NSPD 51/Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-20, sometimes called simply "Executive Directive 51" for short), signed by President of the United States George W. Bush on May 4, 2007, is a Presidential Directive establishing a comprehensive policy on the federal government ...
Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-8, National Preparedness, describes the way United States Federal agencies will prepare for an incident.It requires Department of Homeland Security to coordinate with other Federal agencies and with State, local, and Tribal governments to develop a National Preparedness Goal with Emergency management.
The order combined several federal agencies tasked with emergency preparedness and civil defense spread across the executive departments into a unified entity that was established as an independent agency, free of Cabinet interference, with authority as the lead federal agency in a presidentially-declared disaster.
The Continuity Program staff manages the Departmental continuity programs consisting of the Continuity of Government (COG) and the Continuity of Operations (COOP) programs. These programs are managed in accordance with Homeland Security Presidential Directive 20 and the appropriate Federal Continuity Directives.