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The Black Death was the second great natural disaster to strike Europe during the Late Middle Ages (the first one being the Great Famine of 1315–1317) and is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of the European population, as well as approximately 33% of the population of the Middle East.
Published in 1974, Western Attitudes Toward Death from the Middle Ages to the Present was French historian Philippe Ariès's first major publication on the subject of death. Ariès was well known for his work as a medievalist and a historian of the family , but the history of death was the subject of his work in his last decade of scholarly life.
For years it was common for Europeans to assume that the Black Death originated in China. Charles Creighton, in his History of Epidemics in Britain (1891), summarizes the tendency to retrospectively describe the origins of the Black Death in China despite lack of evidence for it: "In that nebulous and unsatisfactory state the old tradition of the Black Death originating in China has remained ...
The middle class as we know it emerged in the post-World War II era. ... Though the economy has been growing in 2024 and is poised to continue to grow in 2025, wages haven for middle-class folks ...
Among the most immediate consequences of the Black Death in England was a shortage of farm labour, and a corresponding rise in wages. The medieval world-view was unable to interpret these changes in terms of socio-economic development, and it became common to blame degrading morals instead. [74]
“The concept of the middle class has evolved significantly over the years, reflecting changes in society, economy, and culture,” said Jon Morgan, the CEO and Editor-in-Chief of Venture Smarter.
According to the Pew Research Center, the middle class has steadily contracted in the past five decades, with the share of adults who live in middle-class households falling to 50% in 2021, from ...
Figures for the death toll vary widely by area and from source to source, and estimates are frequently revised as historical research brings new discoveries to light. Most scholars estimate that the Black Death killed up to 75 million people [5] in the 14th century, at a time when the entire world population was still less than 500 million.