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  2. Competition (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)

    Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require one or more resources that are in limited supply (such as food, water, or territory). [1] Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other. [2]

  3. Competitive exclusion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_exclusion...

    The best-known example is the so-called "paradox of the plankton". [6] All plankton species live on a very limited number of resources, primarily solar energy and minerals dissolved in the water. According to the competitive exclusion principle, only a small number of plankton species should be able to coexist on these resources.

  4. Product lifecycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_lifecycle

    The core of PLM (product lifecycle management) is the creation and central management of all product data and the technology used to access this information and knowledge. PLM as a discipline emerged from tools such as CAD , CAM and PDM , but can be viewed as the integration of these tools with methods, people and the processes through all ...

  5. Product life-cycle management (marketing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_life-cycle...

    The goals of product life cycle management (PLM) are to reduce time to market, improve product quality, reduce prototyping costs, identify potential sales opportunities and revenue contributions, maintain and sustain operational serviceability, and reduce environmental impacts at end-of-life.

  6. Obligate parasite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligate_parasite

    Obligate parasitism is exhibited in a range of organisms, with examples in viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. [2] They are unable to complete their development without passing through at least one parasitic stage which is necessary to their life-cycle.

  7. Interspecific competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interspecific_competition

    Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space). This can be contrasted with mutualism, a type of symbiosis. Competition between members of the same species is called intraspecific competition.

  8. Scramble competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_competition

    Scramble competition also exists in lepidopterans. For example, male mourning cloak butterflies will fly around in search for widely dispersed females. [12] Another example of scramble competition exists in Lactrodectus hesperus, the western black widow spider. There is a male-bias or skew within the sexually active population of this species ...

  9. Product life-cycle theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_life-cycle_theory

    The Product Life Cycle Theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of the Heckscher–Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product's life-cycle all the parts and labor associated with that product come from the area where it was ...