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The first true broadly tunable laser was the dye laser in 1966. [20] [21] Hänsch introduced the first narrow-linewidth tunable laser in 1972. [22] Dye lasers and some vibronic solid-state lasers have extremely large bandwidths, allowing tuning over a range of tens to hundreds of nanometres. [23]
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
This improved gain medium was central to the demonstration of the first tunable narrow-linewidth solid-state dye laser oscillators, by Duarte, [8] which were later optimized to deliver pulse emission in the kW regime in nearly diffraction limited beams with single-longitudinal-mode laser linewidths of ≈ 350 MHz (or ≈ 0.0004 nm, at a laser wavelength of 590 nm). [9]
A vibrometer is generally a two beam laser interferometer that measures the frequency (or phase) difference between an internal reference beam and a test beam. The most common type of laser in an LDV is the helium–neon laser, although laser diodes, fiber lasers, and Nd:YAG lasers are also used.
Laser rods (from left to right): Ruby, alexandrite, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG. A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. [1] Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid-state lasers, called ...
An Er:glass laser (erbium-doped glass laser) is a solid-state laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped glass. Ytterbium (Yb) is sometimes added to these lasers to improve their efficiency. Er:glass lasers emit light in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, often in the range of 1530–1560 nanometers .
Vibronic spectroscopy is a branch of molecular spectroscopy concerned with vibronic transitions: the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels of a molecule due to the absorption or emission of a photon of the appropriate energy. In the gas phase, vibronic transitions are also accompanied by changes in rotational energy.
Use of the dental laser remains limited, with cost and effectiveness being the primary barriers. The cost of a dental laser ranges from $4,000 to $130,000, where a pneumatic dental drill costs between $200 and $500. Hard tissue lasers are incapable of performing some routine operations in the treatment of cavities. [17]
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