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Drug-induced esophagitis. Damage to the esophagus due to medications. If the esophagus is not coated or if the medicine is not taken with enough liquid, it can damage the tissues. Microscopic Slide of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Eosinophilic esophagitis. Eosinophilic esophagitis is caused by a high concentration of eosinophils in the esophagus ...
The treatment of lymphocytic esophagitis is still undefined. [5] Treatment either targets symptoms, inflammation or complications. For example, heartburn is a symptom in lymphocytic esophagitis, and proton pump inhibitors , which reduce acidity in the stomach, are consequently used for treatment.
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain. [ 6 ] HLES (hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter) is a rare manometric abnormality seen among individuals with dysphagia, chest pain, gastroesophageal reflux , and hiatal hernia .
The current first-line treatment is fluconazole, 200 mg on the first day, followed by daily dosing of 100 mg for at least 21 days total. Treatment should continue for 14 days after relief of symptoms. Other therapy options include: Nystatin is an effective treatment for mild esophageal candidiasis. [2]
If it is caused by esophagitis, in turn caused by an underlying infection, it is commonly treated by treating the infection (typically with antibiotics). In order to open the stricture, a surgeon can insert a bougie – a weighted tube used to dilate the constricted areas in the esophagus. [3] It can sometimes be treated with other medications.
In some cases, a person with GERD symptoms can manage them by taking over-the-counter drugs. [50] [51] [52] This is often safer and less expensive than taking prescription drugs. [50] Some guidelines recommend trying to treat symptoms with an H 2 antagonist before using a proton-pump inhibitor because of cost and safety concerns. [50]
Both of these features impair the ability of the esophagus to empty contents into the stomach. Patients usually complain of dysphagia to both solids and liquids. Dysphagia to liquids, in particular, is a characteristic of achalasia. Other symptoms of achalasia include regurgitation, night coughing, chest pain, weight loss, and heartburn.
Treatment primarily consists of addressing the underlying cause of EGJOO. [2] For example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis is treated with proton pump inhibitors. Esophageal rings or strictures may be treated with esophageal dilation. Simple observation may be considered, [5] especially if symptoms are minimal or ...