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2. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_cardiac...

   OPCAB voids the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which requires the heart to be stopped (arrested) with cardioplegia solution. Off-pump is also known as beating heart surgery. [citation needed] Minimally invasive heart surgery has been used as an alternative to traditional surgery for the following procedures: Coronary artery bypass

3. Internal thoracic artery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_thoracic_artery

   The internal thoracic artery (ITA), also known as the internal mammary artery, is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. [1] It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum , to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries .

4. Reperfusion therapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reperfusion_therapy

   Several arteries and veins can be used, however internal mammary artery grafts have demonstrated significantly better long-term patency rates than great saphenous vein grafts. [40] In patients with two or more coronary arteries affected, bypass surgery is associated with higher long-term survival rates compared to percutaneous interventions. [41]

5. Arthur Vineberg - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Vineberg

   Thomas, J L (1999). "The Vineberg legacy: internal mammary artery implantation from inception to obsolescence". Texas Heart Institute Journal / From the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital. Vol. 26, no. 2. pp. 107–13. PMC 101034. PMID 10830639. Shrager, J B (1994).

6. Coronary artery bypass surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery

   Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery avoids using the CPB machine by stabilizing small segments of the heart at a time. The surgical team and anesthesiologists must coordinate and take great care to not manipulate the heart too much, lest they compromise the stability of blood flow.

7. Mammary artery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_artery

   Mammary artery may refer to: the internal thoracic artery (previously known as the internal mammary artery ) The internal thoracic artery is commonly chosen as a graft artery during coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

8. AOL Mail

   mail.aol.com/m

   Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

9. Vascular bypass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_bypass

   In the legs, bypass grafting is used to treat peripheral vascular disease, acute limb ischemia, aneurysms and trauma.While there are many anatomical arrangements for vascular bypass grafts in the lower extremities depending on the location of the disease, the principle is the same: to restore blood flow to an area without normal flow.