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In another study on poverty, Wilfred Beckerman estimated that 9.9% of the British population lived below a standardised poverty line in 1973, compared with 6.1% of the population of Belgium. [ 15 ] Low pay was also a major cause of poverty, [ 16 ] [ 17 ] with a report by the TUC in 1968 finding that about 5 million females and about 2.5 million ...
The Old Poor Law in Scotland: The Experience of Poverty, 1574–1845 (Edinburgh UP, 2022) Mommsen, Wolfgang J., and Wolfgang Mock, eds. The emergence of the welfare state in Britain and Germany, 1850–1950 (Taylor & Francis, 1981). Morgan, Kenneth O. Labour in power, 1945–1951 (1984) online. esp. pp. 142–187. Rose, Michael E.
The Attlee government was committed to rebuilding British society as an ethical commonwealth, using public ownership and controls to abolish extremes of wealth and poverty. Labour's ideology contrasted sharply with the contemporary Conservative Party's defence of individualism, inherited privileges, and income inequality.
The evolution of the British welfare state: a history of social policy since the Industrial Revolution (2nd ed. 1984). Häusermann, Silja, Georg Picot, and Dominik Geering. "Review article: Rethinking party politics and the welfare state–recent advances in the literature." British Journal of Political Science 43.01 (2013): 221–40. online ...
British investment abroad doubled in the Edwardian years, from £2 billion in 1900 to £4 billion in 1913. [121] Britain had built up a vast reserve of overseas credits in its formal Empire, as well as in its informal empire in Latin America and other nations. The British held huge financial holdings in the United States, especially in railways.
Unemployment was the dominant issue of British society during the interwar years. [1] Unemployment levels rarely dipped below 1,000,000 and reached a peak of more than 3,000,000 in 1933, a figure which represented more than 20% of the working population. The unemployment rate was even higher in areas including South Wales and Liverpool. [1]
The success of the Attlee Government's welfare legislation in reducing poverty was such that, in the general election of 1950, according to one study, "Labour propaganda could make much of the claim that social security had eradicated the most abject destitution of the 1930s". [27]
By 1957, slum clearances were well under way according to Henry Brooke, the Minister of Housing and Local Government, who stated that houses condemned or demolished had gone up from 20,000 in 1954 to 35,000 by 1956, while rehousing over 200,000 people during the mid-1950s. [15]