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Memory boxes are provided by some hospitals in the event of stillbirth, miscarriage, or other problem during or after childbirth. They contain objects belonging to or representing the deceased child to help relatives come to terms with their loss. Memory boxes are usually donated by local charities and organizations. [1] [2] [3]
Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France".
Recall is a major part of memory so the history of the study of memory in general also provides a history of the study of recall. Hermann Ebbinghaus In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus created nonsense syllables , combinations of letters that do not follow grammatical rules and have no meaning, to test his own memory.
Specificity of processing describes the increased recall value of a stimulus when presented in the method with which it was inputted. For example, auditory stimuli (spoken words and sounds) have the highest recall value when spoken, and visual stimuli have the highest recall value when a subject is presented with images. [6]
Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas.It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through classification or typification [1] [2] on the basis of traits, features, similarities or other criteria that ...
Later research on short-term memory and working memory revealed that memory span is not a constant even when measured in a number of chunks. The number of chunks a human can recall immediately after presentation depends on the category of chunks used (e.g., span is around seven for digits, around six for letters, and around five for words), and even on features of the chunks within a category.
This sort of a keepsake box may be personalised with a person's name, design or picture. Pantheon Theatre Memory Box by Wheathills. In September 2011 the BBC highlighted a modern example of a particularly intricate memory box, in the form of a Pantheon Theatre, containing over 10,000 pieces of marquetry, taking 18 months to create. [1] [2]
The term "engram" was coined by memory researcher Richard Semon in reference to the physical substrate of memory in the organism. Semon warned, however: "In animals, during the evolutionary process, one organic system—the nervous system—has become specialised for the reception and transmission of stimuli.