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The fossils that were considered as Devonian insects, such as Rhyniognatha hirsti [17] or Strudiella devonica [18] were later reconsidered that their affinities as insects are insufficient. [ 3 ] [ 19 ] But based on phylogenic study, the first insects probably appeared earlier, in the Silurian period, [ 16 ] from stem-group crustaceans like ...
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, [2] [3] in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. [4]
Paleobotany, also spelled as palaeobotany, is the branch of botany dealing with the recovery and identification of plant remains from geological contexts, and their use for the biological reconstruction of past environments (paleogeography), and the evolutionary history of plants, with a bearing upon the evolution of life in general.
Many fossils have been destroyed through erosion and tectonic movements; Most fossils are fragmentary; Some evolutionary change occurs in populations at the limits of a species' ecological range, and as these populations are likely small, the probability of fossilization is lower (see punctuated equilibrium);
The earliest known butterfly fossils are from the mid Eocene epoch, between 40-50 million years ago. [ 1 ] [ dubious – discuss ] Their development is closely linked to the evolution of flowering plants, since both adult butterflies and caterpillars feed on flowering plants.
A transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group. [1] This is especially important where the descendant group is sharply differentiated by gross anatomy and mode of living from the ancestral group.
Freshwater palynomorphs and animal and plant fragments, including the prasinophytes and desmids (green algae) can be used to study past lake levels and long term climate change. Taxonomy and evolutionary studies. Involving the use of pollen morphological characters as source of taxonomic data to delimit plant species under same family or genus.
The Yponomeutoidea is the first group to have significant numbers of species whose larvae feed on herbaceous plants, as opposed to woody plants. [1] They evolved about the time that flowering plants underwent an expansive adaptive radiation in the mid- Cretaceous , and the Gelechioidea that evolved at this time also have great diversity.