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Toucans (/ ˈ t uː k æ n /, UK: /-k ə n /) are Neotropical birds in the family Ramphastidae. The Ramphastidae are most closely related to the Toucan barbets. They are brightly marked and have large, often colorful bills. The family includes five genera and over 40 different species. Toucans are arboreal and typically lay two to four white ...
Tawny-tufted toucanet. S. nattereri (Gould, 1835) Northcentral Amazon rainforest LC Unknown [25] Gould's toucanet. S. gouldii (Natterer, 1837) Southern Amazon rainforest LC Unknown [26] Spot-billed toucanet. S. maculirostris (Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1823) Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina LC Unknown [27]
The emerald toucanet was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus.For many years it was treated as having at least 14 subspecies. In 2008 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) split 10 of those subspecies to create seven new species and retained four of them as subspecies of their current emerald toucanet sensu stricto.
The phylogenetic relationships among toucans have been the subject of ongoing debate and research; in the past, the eight toucan species were classified into different subfamilies based on their bill size and shape. However, recent molecular studies have suggested that toucans are more closely related to aracaris and toucanets than previously ...
The largest known birds whose nests are predated upon by the toco toucan are the hyacinth macaw and buff-necked ibis; the nestlings of the latter weigh 200–300 g (7.1–10.6 oz), compared to the toucan's body mass of around 540 g (19 oz), and are killed by breaking their necks with sideways movements of the toucan's beak. [33]
The red-billed toucan and Cuvier's toucan, which differ principally in the bill colour, interbreed freely wherever they meet and therefore now merit only subspecies status. Some authorities consider the Inca toucan to represent a stable hybrid population between the other two subspecies and do not recognize it as a separate subspecies.
The calls are low-pitched and croaking. Most species are relatively small toucans with a total length of 30–35 cm (12–14 in), but the yellow-eared toucanet typically has a total length of approx. 38 cm (15 in). They tend to forage alone or in pairs, feeding mainly on fruit.
Like other toucans, Wagler's toucanet is brightly colored and has a large bill. The adult is 29 to 37 cm (11 to 15 in) long and weighs about 160 to 200 g (5.6 to 7.1 oz). The sexes are alike in appearance, although the female generally is smaller and slightly shorter-billed.