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Robert Frager is an American social psychologist responsible for establishing America's first educational institution dedicated to transpersonal psychology. Frager is known for founding the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, now called Sofia University, in Palo Alto, California, where he currently holds the position of director of the low residency Master of Arts in Spiritual Guidance ...
Although transpersonal psychology has received some support from both psychologists and non-psychologists, it remains highly controversial and has not been widely accepted by mainstream academic psychology. [3] [8] [21] [22] [23] Transpersonal psychology has been criticized for lacking conceptual, evidentiary, and scientific rigor.
Charles T. Tart (born 1937) is an American psychologist and parapsychologist known for his psychological work on the nature of consciousness (particularly altered states of consciousness), as one of the founders of the field of transpersonal psychology, and for his research in parapsychology. [1]
The institution was originally known as the California Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, one of several transpersonally-oriented institutions formed in the 1970s. [5] [6] The founders, Robert Frager and James Fadiman, wanted to offer the perspectives of transpersonal psychology alongside personal, therapeutic and spiritual disciplines, all within a community context.
John Rowan (31 March 1925 – 26 May 2018) was an English author, counsellor, psychotherapist and clinical supervisor, known for being one of the pioneers of humanistic psychology and integrative psychotherapy. [1] He worked in exploring transpersonal psychology, and wrote about the concept of subpersonality. [2] [3] [4]
Fadiman and Robert Frager cofounded the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology (now known as Sofia University) in 1975. [22] [23] He was a lecturer in psychedelic studies there. [24] [23] Fadiman was a president of the Association for Transpersonal Psychology. [25] He was also a director at the Institute of Noetic Sciences from 1975 to 1977. [23]
The term has an early precedent in the writing of philosopher William James, who used the term "Trans-personal" in one of his lectures from 1905. [6] [7] However, this early terminology, introduced by James, had a different meaning than the current one [7] and its context was philosophy, not psychology, [6] which is where the term is mostly used these days.
He was the Director of the East/West Psychology Program at the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco, and an associate editor of Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. [2] [3] A prominent figure in transpersonal psychology, he was a pioneer in integrating Western psychology and Eastern wisdom.