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Somatostatin is secreted by delta cells at several locations in the digestive system, namely the pyloric antrum, the duodenum and the pancreatic islets. [14]Somatostatin released in the pyloric antrum travels via the portal venous system to the heart, then enters the systemic circulation to reach the locations where it will exert its inhibitory effects.
In both species, the peptide hormone Urocortin III (Ucn3) is a major local signal that is released from beta cells (and alpha cells in primates) to induce the local secretion of somatostatin. [3] It has also been suggested that somatostatin may be implicated in insulin-induced hypoglycaemia through a mechanism involving SGLT-2 receptors.
It is a non-selective somatostatin receptor antagonist, [37] inhibiting the effects of somatostatin on target cells in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, hypothalamus, and central nervous system. [2] Cyclosomatostatin is used as a research chemical to investigate the effects of somatostatin on different cell types by antagonizing its ...
The primary current medical treatment of acromegaly is to use somatostatin analogues – octreotide (Sandostatin) or lanreotide (Somatuline). These somatostatin analogues are synthetic forms of a brain hormone, somatostatin, which stops GH production. The long-acting forms of these drugs must be injected every 2 to 4 weeks for effective treatment.
Somatostatin receptor type 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR5 gene. [5] Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biological effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
The somatostatin family is a protein family with somatostatin as titular member, a hormone which inhibits the release of the pituitary somatotropin (growth hormone) and inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas of fasted animals. Cortistatin is a cortical neuropeptide with neuronal depressant and sleep-modulating properties ...
Somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of periventricular somatostatin neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation to the anterior pituitary where it inhibits GH secretion. Somatostatin and GHRH are secreted in alternation, giving rise to the markedly pulsatile secretion of GH.
This explains how abnormally elevated somatostatin can cause diabetes mellitus, by inhibiting insulin secretion, steatorrhoea by inhibiting cholecystokinin and secretin, gall stones by inhibiting cholecystokinin which normally induce gallbladder myocytes to contract, and hypochlorhydria caused by inhibiting gastrin, which normally stimulate ...