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Paintings of Araneus angulatus from Svenska Spindlar of 1757, the first major work on spider taxonomy. Spider taxonomy is the part of taxonomy that is concerned with the science of naming, defining and classifying all spiders, members of the Araneae order of the arthropod class Arachnida, which has more than 48,500 described species. [1]
The Uraraneida are an extinct order of spider-like arachnids from the Devonian and Permian. [ 60 ] A fossil arachnid in 100 million year old (mya) amber from Myanmar, Chimerarachne yingi , has spinnerets (to produce silk); it also has a tail, like the Palaeozoic Uraraneida, some 200 million years after other known fossils with tails.
Opiliones' own divergence is dated to 414 million years ago, which arachnid are estimated to have originated during the late Cambrian to early Ordivician. [ 10 ] Genetic analysis performed on a modern Phalangium opilio specimen found that a suppressed gene that, if active, would generate a second pair of eyes at the lateral location, providing ...
Among the oldest known land arthropods are Trigonotarbids, members of an extinct order of spider-like arachnids. [5]Trigonotarbids share many superficial characteristics with spiders, including a terrestrial lifestyle, respiration through book lungs, and walking on eight legs, [6] with a pair of leg-like pedipalps near the mouth and mouth parts.
They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. [4] [5] Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. As of September 2024, 52,309 spider species in 134 families have been recorded by taxonomists. [1]
The newly discovered long-extinct species is described as a “large spider-like arachnid” with “distinctive large spines on the legs” by the study’s authors.
It is the only supra-ordinal group of arachnids that is strongly supported in molecular phylogenetic studies. [1] Two extinct orders are also placed in this clade, Haptopoda and Uraraneida. [2] In 2016, a newly described fossil arachnid, Idmonarachne, was also included in the Tetrapulmonata; as of March 2016 it has not been assigned to an order.
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs.As of July 2024, over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, [1] [2] [3] although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. [4]