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If neither convergence nor divergence is required in the prescription, "plano" is used to denote a refractive power of zero. The term "sphere" comes from the geometry of lenses. Lenses derive their power from curved surfaces. A spherical lens has the same curvature in every direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
Term Description (notes) AC: Anterior chamber: fluid-filled space between the iris and the endothelium: AC 4/4: Grade 4 anterior chamber angle: open angle between cornea and iris AC 3/4: Grade 3 anterior chamber angle: AC 2/4: Grade 2 anterior chamber angle: AC 1/4: Grade 1 anterior chamber angle: AC 0/4: Grade 0 anterior chamber angle: closed ...
Radius of curvature sign convention for optical design. Radius of curvature (ROC) has specific meaning and sign convention in optical design. A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The vertex of the lens
Field curvature: the image "plane" (the arc) deviates from a flat surface (the vertical line). Petzval field curvature, named for Joseph Petzval, [1] describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal distance) cannot be brought properly into focus on a flat image plane.
Higher-quality optical-grade glass materials exist (e.g. Borosilicate crown glasses such as BK7 ( n d = 1.51680 , V d = 64.17 , D = 2.51 g/cm³ ), which is commonly used in telescopes and binoculars, and fluorite crown glasses such as the best optical quality low dispersion glass currently in production, N-FK58 made by the German company Schott ...
Newton's rings interference pattern created by a plano-convex lens illuminated by 650 nm red laser light, photographed using a low-light microscope. The illumination is from above, leading to a dark central region.
The optical quality of a lens system can be tested in an optics or physics laboratory using bench apertures, optic tubes, lenses, and a source. Refractive and reflective optical properties can be tabulated as a function of wavelength, to approximate system performances; tolerances and errors can also be evaluated.
This list covers optical lens designs grouped by tasks or overall type. The field of optical lens designing has many variables including the function the lens or group of lenses have to perform, the limits of optical glass because of the index of refraction and dispersion properties, and design constraints including realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses, minimum and maximum air ...
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