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Bolt thrust or breech pressure is a term used in internal ballistics and firearms (whether small arms or artillery) that describes the amount of rearward force exerted by the propellant gases on the bolt or breech of a firearm action or breech when a projectile is fired.
The Hadamard code is a locally decodable code, which provides a way to recover parts of the original message with high probability, while only looking at a small fraction of the received word. This gives rise to applications in computational complexity theory and particularly in the design of probabilistically checkable proofs .
Example: Consider a data value of €1,000,000, with an attack probability of 15% and an 80% chance of a successful breach. The potential loss is €1,000,000 × 0.15 × 0.8 = €120,000. Based on the Gordon-Loeb model, the company’s security investment should not exceed €120,000 × 0.37 = €44,000.
The theorem is especially important in the theory of financial mathematics as it explains how to convert from the physical measure, which describes the probability that an underlying instrument (such as a share price or interest rate) will take a particular value or values, to the risk-neutral measure which is a very useful tool for evaluating ...
The probability distribution according to Metropolis-Hastings Dynamics for the change in energy that would result from flipping some spin s for different temperatures, T. () =. Although both of the acceptance probabilities approximate a step curve and they are almost indistinguishable at very low temperatures, they differ when temperature gets ...
Seed oils, including peanut oil and sunflower oil, have been in the news a lot recently. Dietitians explain if seed oils are healthy, and health risks of them.
Suppose that two super states of interest, A and B, are given. We assume that they have a common configuration space, i.e., they share all of their micro states, but the energies associated to these (and hence the probabilities) differ because of a change in some parameter (such as the strength of a certain interaction).
As one of the graph's axes is probability, it is fairly easy to find the data points that match a specific probability. In aerospace structural analysis, it is common to consider 99.9999% probability (0.0001% risk) to be improbable and 99.99999% probability (0.00001% risk) to be extremely improbable. Then, the confidence interval is used to ...