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Ziaism is a political ideology implemented in Pakistan from 1978 to 1988 by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. [1] The ideology endorses the idea of an Islamic state, influenced heavily by religion. [2] It includes Islamic laws, industrialisation, militarism and authoritarianism. [3]
The Ali brothers had sought to project Pakistan as the natural leader of the Islamic world, in large part due to its large population and military strength. [69] A top ranking Muslim League leader, Khaliquzzaman, declared that Pakistan would bring together all Muslim countries into Islamistan – a pan-Islamic entity. [70]
Furthermore, the same figure in East Pakistan defined their identity in terms of their ethnicity and not Islam. It was the opposite in West Pakistan, where Islam was stated to be more important than ethnicity. [46] After Pakistan's first ever general elections the 1973 Constitution was created by an elected Parliament. [47]
The religio-political ideology of Islamism (also often called political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism) [1] which has "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" (according to at least one observer (author Robin Wright), [2] is active in many countries around the world.
[4] [8] [11] [12] Conservative ulama were added to the Council of Islamic Ideology. [6] The effect on Pakistan's national cohesion of state-sponsored Islamization were mixed. In 1984 a referendum gave Zia and the Islamization program 97.7% approval in official results. However, there have been protests against the laws and their enforcement ...
the belief that Islam should influence political systems (Cambridge English Dictionary); [44] "the [Islamic] ideology that guides society as a whole and that [teaches] law must be in conformity with the Islamic sharia", (W. E. Shepard); [12] a combination of two pre-existing trends
Political events in the Muslim world in the late 1960s convinced many Muslim states to shift their earlier ideas and respond favourably to Pakistan's goal of Muslim unity. Nasser abandoned his opposition to a pan-Islamic platform and such developments facilitated the first summit conference of Muslim heads of state in Rabat in 1969.
The Pakistan Movement, as it came to be known, was based on the principle of two-nation theory, and aimed to establish a separate homeland for Muslims in South Asia.The Pakistan Movement was spearheaded by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and staunchly opposed by some of Muslim religious scholars.