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A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria [1] or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. [ 2 ]
In 1966, the World Health Organisation confirmed the Kirby–Bauer method as the standard method for susceptibility testing; it is simple, cost-effective and can test multiple antibiotics. [25] The Etest was developed in 1980 by BolmstrÓ§m and Eriksson, and MALDI-TOF developed in 2000s. [25]
As of 6 August 2012, the cost of a test cartridge in countries eligible for concessional pricing is $9.98 USD. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] As of 30 June 2013, 1,402 GeneXpert systems (comprising 7553 modules) and >3 million Xpert MTB/RIF cartridges had been procured in 88 of the 145 countries under concessional pricing.
Sputum is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways (the trachea and bronchi). In medicine, sputum samples are usually used for a naked eye examination, ...
The global economic cost of community-acquired pneumonia has been estimated at $17 billion annually. [24] Other estimates are considerably higher. In 2012 the estimated aggregate costs of treating pneumonia in the United States were $20 billion; [166] the median cost of a single pneumonia-related hospitalization is over $15,000. [167]
The COVID-19 test cost for travel or tourist visas depends on where you go for the test. If you can’t make it to a free test center, consider the following information on private testing costs ...
Key Points from 24/7 Wall St. The average dividend yield of an S&P 500 company is less than what savings accounts are paying today.. Given that the index is up around 24% over the past year, it's ...
chelsea green publishing white river junction, vermont the end of america letter of warning to a young patriot naomi wolf eoa2 final pages 7/27/07 12:05 pm page i