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A white hat (or a white-hat hacker, a whitehat) is an ethical security hacker. [1] [2] Ethical hacking is a term meant to imply a broader category than just penetration testing. [3] [4] Under the owner's consent, white-hat hackers aim to identify any vulnerabilities or security issues the current system has. [5]
White hats are usually employed by the target system's owner and are typically paid (sometimes quite well) for their work. Their work is not illegal because it is done with the system owner's consent. Black hat or Cracker Hackers with malicious intentions. They often steal, exploit, and sell data, and are usually motivated by personal gain.
A grey hat hacker lies between a black hat and a white hat hacker, hacking for ideological reasons. [20] A grey hat hacker may surf the Internet and hack into a computer system for the sole purpose of notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect, for example. They may then offer to correct the defect for a fee. [19]
A grey hat (greyhat or gray hat) is a computer hacker or computer security expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but usually does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker. The term came into use in the late 1990s, and was derived from the concepts of "white hat" and "black hat" hackers. [1]
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In the infancy of the hacker subculture and the computer underground, [3] criminal convictions were rare because there was an informal code of ethics that was followed by white hat hackers. [4] Proponents of hacking claim to be motivated by artistic and political ends, but are often unconcerned about the use of criminal means to achieve them. [5]
While U.S. forces spent 2020 focused on defending systems tied to last November's presidential election, it appears Russian hackers took that as a prime opportunity to attack almost everywhere else.
TeslaTeam is a group of black-hat computer hackers from Serbia established in 2010. TESO was a hacker group originating in Austria that was active primarily from 1998 to 2004. The Unknowns is a group of white-hat hackers that exploited many high-profiled websites and became very active in 2012 when the group was founded and disbanded.