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It models burst noise (also called popcorn noise or random telegraph signal). If the two possible values that a random variable can take are c 1 {\displaystyle c_{1}} and c 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}} , then the process can be described by the following master equations :
It is also called random telegraph noise (RTN), popcorn noise, impulse noise, bi-stable noise, or random telegraph signal (RTS) noise. It consists of sudden step-like transitions between two or more discrete voltage or current levels, as high as several hundred microvolts , at random and unpredictable times.
The logic values are represented by multi-dimensional "vectors" (orthogonal functions) and their superposition, where the orthogonal basis vectors are independent noises. By the proper combination (products or set-theoretical products) of basis-noises, which are called noise-bit, a logic hyperspace can be constructed with D(N) = 2 N number of dimensions, where N is the number of noise-bits.
The logistic distribution arises as limit distribution of a finite-velocity damped random motion described by a telegraph process in which the random times between consecutive velocity changes have independent exponential distributions with linearly increasing parameters.
The broadcast signal can be either analogue (signal is varied continuously with respect to the information) or digital (information is encoded as a set of discrete values). [ 41 ] [ 83 ] The broadcast media industry is at a critical turning point in its development, with many countries moving from analogue to digital broadcasts.
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The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a set of two coupled, linear equations that predict the voltage and current distributions on a linear electrical transmission line. The equations are important because they allow transmission lines to be analyzed using circuit theory . [ 1 ]
In contrast, truly random sequence sources, such as sequences generated by radioactive decay or by white noise, are infinite (no pre-determined end or cycle-period). However, as a result of this predictability, PRBS signals can be used as reproducible patterns (for example, signals used in testing telecommunications signal paths).