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Anhydrous aluminium chloride is a powerful Lewis acid, capable of forming Lewis acid-base adducts with even weak Lewis bases such as benzophenone and mesitylene. [14] It forms tetrachloroaluminate ([AlCl 4] −) in the presence of chloride ions. Aluminium chloride reacts with calcium and magnesium hydrides in tetrahydrofuran forming ...
In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:
The Gattermann reaction (also known as the Gattermann formylation and the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride (AlCl 3). [1]
Phase behavior Triple point? K (? °C), ? Pa Critical point: 625.7 K (352.6 °C), 2.600 MPa Std enthalpy change of fusionΔ fus H o? kJ/mol Std entropy change
Metal halides are often readily available precursors for other inorganic compounds. Mentioned above, the halide compounds can be made anhydrous by heat, vacuum, or treatment with thionyl chloride. Halide ligands may be abstracted by silver(I), often as the tetrafluoroborate or the hexafluorophosphate.
Aluminium chlorohydrate is a group of water-soluble, [1] specific aluminium salts having the general formula Al n Cl 3n−m (O H) m.It is used in cosmetics as an antiperspirant and as a coagulant in water purification.
Anhydrous solvents are commercially available from chemical suppliers, and are packaged in sealed containers to maintain dryness. [4] Typically anhydrous solvents will contain approximately 10 ppm of water and will increase in wetness if they are not properly stored. Organic solutions can be dried using a range of drying agents.
The desired product, benzoic acid (3), is obtained by the following work-up: [2] Synthesis of benzoic acid with work-up step in red. The reaction mixture containing the Grignard reagent is allowed to warm to room temperature in a water bath to allow excess dry ice to evaporate. Any remaining Grignard reagent is quenched by the addition of water.