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The turbine blades are often the limiting component of gas turbines. [4] To survive in this difficult environment, turbine blades often use exotic materials like superalloys and many different methods of cooling that can be categorized as internal and external cooling, [5] [6] [7] and thermal barrier coatings. [8]
General Electric uses gamma TiAl for the low-pressure turbine blades on its GEnx engine, which powers the Boeing 787 and Boeing 747-8 aircraft. This was the first large-scale use of this material on a commercial jet engine [4] when it entered service in 2011. [5]
In a free turbine the turbine driving the compressor rotates independently of that which powers the propeller or helicopter rotor. Cooling air, bled from the compressor, may be used to cool the turbine blades, vanes and discs to allow higher turbine entry gas temperatures for the same turbine material temperatures.**
Initial material selection for blade applications in gas turbine engines included alloys like the Nimonic series alloys in the 1940s. [3] [page needed] The early Nimonic series incorporated γ' Ni 3 (Al,Ti) precipitates in a γ matrix, as well as various metal-carbon carbides (e.g. Cr 23 C 6) at the grain boundaries [31] for additional grain ...
An example of a wind turbine, this 3 bladed turbine is the classic design of modern wind turbines Wind turbine components : 1-Foundation, 2-Connection to the electric grid, 3-Tower, 4-Access ladder, 5-Wind orientation control (Yaw control), 6-Nacelle, 7-Generator, 8-Anemometer, 9-Electric or Mechanical Brake, 10-Gearbox, 11-Rotor blade, 12-Blade pitch control, 13-Rotor hub
Blisks generally have better aerodynamics than conventional rotors with single blades and are lighter. They may be additively manufactured, integrally cast, machined from a solid piece of material, or made by welding individual blades to a rotor disk. The term is used mainly in aerospace engine design.
Apply investment materials: The ceramic mould, known as the investment, is produced by repeating a series of steps—coating, stuccoing, and hardening—until a desired thickness is achieved. Coating involves dipping a pattern cluster into a slurry of fine refractory material and then draining to create a uniform surface coating.
The hot route may require changes in turbine blade/vane materials or better blade/vane cooling. The cold route can be obtained by one of the following: adding booster stages to the LP/IP compression; adding a zero-stage to the HP compression; improving the compression process, without adding stages (e.g. higher fan hub pressure ratio)
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