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Europa's gravity is approximately 13% of Earth's. The temperature on Europa varies from −160 °C at the equator, to −220 °C at either of its poles. [145] Europa's subsurface ocean is thought to be significantly [clarification needed] warmer however. It is hypothesized that because of radioactive and tidal heating (as mentioned in the ...
The high-gain antenna operates on X-band frequencies of 7.2 and 8.4 gigahertz, and a Ka-band frequency of 32 gigahertz (12 times that of a typical cell phone).The antennas will be used to research gravity and radio science, allowing researchers to learn more about Europa's gravity [88] It was designed and constructed by a team led by Matt Bray ...
"Souped-Up Saucer": Celery has souped-up the family saucer, adding new features for the kids to use, including a robot arm. They test drive it with a trip to the Moon. "Pet Sounds": Jet takes care of Mitchell's dog Cody for the weekend, and attempts to teach him some new tricks.
It showed no sign of quitting at the end of the primary mission, so it was given a highly focused set of new exploration objectives, defined in part by the findings of the primary mission. As some of these new objectives centered on investigating Europa in great detail, the new mission was appropriately called the "Galileo Europa Mission" (GEM ...
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There are few craters on Europa because its surface is tectonically active and young. [38] Some theories suggest that Jupiter's gravity is causing these markings, as one side of Europa is constantly facing Jupiter. Volcanic water eruptions splitting the surface of Europa and even geysers have also been considered as causes.
On G1, the gravity of Ganymede was used to slow the spacecraft's orbital period from 210 to 72 days to allow for more encounters and to take Galileo out of the more intense regions of radiation. On G2, the gravity assist was employed to put it into a coplanar orbit to permit subsequent encounters with Io, Europa and Callisto. [209]
A gravity map is a map that depicts gravity measurements across an area of space, which are typically obtained via gravimetry. Gravity maps are an extension of the field of geodynamics . Readings are typically taken at regular intervals for surface analysis on Earth . [ 1 ]