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The Boltzmann brain thought experiment suggests that it might be more likely for a brain to spontaneously form in space, complete with a memory of having existed in our universe, rather than for the entire universe to come about in the manner cosmologists think it actually did.
Ludwig Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. Boltzmann may also refer to: 24712 Boltzmann, a main-belt asteroid; the Boltzmann brain, a thought experiment; Boltzmann constant; Boltzmann (crater), an old lunar crater; Boltzmann distribution
Brodmann used a variety of criteria to map the human brain, including attention to both gross anatomical features and cortical micro-structures. [4] Brodmann postulated that areas with different structures performed different functions. [5] Indeed, some of these areas were later associated to nervous functions, such as the following:
Diagram of a restricted Boltzmann machine with three visible units and four hidden units (no bias units) A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) (also called a restricted Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model with external field or restricted stochastic Ising–Lenz–Little model) is a generative stochastic artificial neural network that can learn a probability distribution over its set of inputs.
Many neuroscientists believe that the human mind is largely an emergent property of the information processing of its neuronal network. [9]Neuroscientists have stated that important functions performed by the mind, such as learning, memory, and consciousness, are due to purely physical and electrochemical processes in the brain and are governed by applicable laws.
In a number of cases, brain areas are organized into topographic maps, where adjoining bits of the cortex correspond to adjoining parts of the body, or of some more abstract entity. A simple example of this type of correspondence is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue running along the anterior edge of the central sulcus .
Brodmann area 11, or BA11, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. BA11 is the part of the orbitofrontal cortex that covers the medial portion of the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. Prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 is a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the human defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Defined and ...
Defining cerebral cytoarchitecture began with the advent of histology—the science of slicing and staining brain slices for examination. [2] It is credited to the Viennese psychiatrist Theodor Meynert (1833–1892), who in 1867 noticed regional variations in the histological structure of different parts of the gray matter in the cerebral hemispheres.