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Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [1]
Decade counter – modulus ten counter (counts through ten states). Up/down counter – counts up and down, as directed by a control input, or by the use of separate "up" and "down" clocks. Ring counter – formed by a "circular" shift register. Johnson counter – a twisted ring counter. Gray-code counter – outputs a sequence of Gray codes.
t. e. Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), [1] is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an electrical signal.
Modbus or MODBUS is a client/server data communications protocol in the application layer. [1] It was originally designed for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs), [2] but has become a de facto standard communication protocol for communication between industrial electronic devices in a wide range of buses and networks.
In computing, a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly used linear function of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift register value.
Asynchronous circuit (clockless or self-timed circuit) [1]: Lecture 12 [note 1][2]: 157–186 is a sequential digital logic circuit that does not use a global clock circuit or signal generator to synchronize its components. [1][3]: 3–5 Instead, the components are driven by a handshaking circuit which indicates a completion of a set of ...
A universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART / ˈjuːɑːrt /) is a peripheral device for asynchronous serial communication in which the data format and transmission speeds are configurable. It sends data bits one by one, from the least significant to the most significant, framed by start and stop bits so that precise timing is handled ...
Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...