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Metformin has acid dissociation constant values (pK a) of 2.8 and 11.5, so it exists very largely as the hydrophilic cationic species at physiological pH values. The metformin pK a values make it a stronger base than most other basic medications with less than 0.01% nonionized in blood.
Metformin (Glucophage) is ... Its acid dissociation constant pK a is 5.0 at 20 °C. [1] Solubility. Solvent Solubility [1] Water, pH 6: 1:450 Water, pH 7.3: insoluble ...
At half-neutralization the ratio [A −] / [HA] = 1; since log(1) = 0, the pH at half-neutralization is numerically equal to pK a. Conversely, when pH = pK a, the concentration of HA is equal to the concentration of A −. The buffer region extends over the approximate range pK a ± 2. Buffering is weak outside the range pK a ± 1.
[citation needed] Phenformin is less polar and more lipid soluble and exhibits a higher affinity for mitochondrial membranes than metformin. [8] Its dissociation constant (pKa) is 2.7, 11.8 (at 32 °C), and log P = –0.8. [citation needed] Phenformin is well absorbed after oral administration.
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant, Ka of the acid, and the concentrations of the species in solution. [2] Simulated titration of an acidified solution of a weak acid (pKa = 4.7) with alkali. To derive the equation a number of simplifying ...
Metformin, or dimethylbiguanide, is the primary treatment used for type 2 diabetes. Metformin has been shown to indirectly affect pyruvate kinase through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Specifically, the addition of metformin is linked to a marked decrease in glucose flux and increase in lactate/pyruvate flux from various metabolic pathways.
The converse is true in a basic medium. For example, Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is a weak acid (its pKa value is 5.0). The gastric juice has a pH of 2.0. It is a three-fold difference (due to log scale) between its pH and its pKa; therefore there is a 1000× difference between the charged and uncharged concentrations.
The C 2 N 2 O core of NDMA is planar, as established by X-ray crystallography. The central nitrogen is bound to two methyl groups and the NO group with bond angles of 120°. The N-N and N-O distances are 1.32 and 1.26 Å, respectively. [14] NDMA forms from a variety of dimethylamine-containing compounds, e.g. hydrolysis of dimethylformamide.
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