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Over the first millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and offshore islands. The Roman Republic annexed southern Gaul in the late 2nd century BC, and legions under Julius Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of 58–51 BC.
France, a country of northwestern Europe, is historically and culturally among the most important countries in the Western world. It has also played a highly significant role in international affairs for centuries.
France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire.
The country of France emerged from the fragmentation of the larger Carolingian empire, when Hugh Capet became King of West Francia in 987. This kingdom consolidated power and expanded territorially, becoming known as “France.”
Transalpine Gaul came into existence as a distinct historical entity in the middle of the 1st century bce, through the campaigns of Julius Caesar (c. 100–44 bce), and disappeared late in the 5th century ce.
After four years, Allied armies liberated France in August 1944, and a provisional government was established, headed by General Charles de Gaulle, the wartime leader of Free France. In 1946 de Gaulle resigned, and a new constitution set up the Fourth Republic, featuring a parliamentary form of government controlled by a series of party coalitions.
The current France we know today was created in 1958. This means France (in its name) is as old as 1035 years, or as young as 64 years. France is a representative democracy and one of the world's largest 10 superpowers, both in terms of military and economic power.
France began colonizing the Americas in the 16th century and continued on into the following centuries as it established a colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere. France established colonies in much of eastern North America, on a number of Caribbean islands, and in South America.
France - Revolution, Monarchy, Republic: Transalpine Gaul came into existence as a distinct historical entity in the middle of the 1st century BCE, through the campaigns of Julius Caesar (c. 100–44 BCE), and disappeared late in the 5th century CE.
France was originally known as the Roman province of Gaul. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it was conquered by a Germanic tribe known as the Franks.