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Vichy France was established on 10 July 1940 to govern the unoccupied part of France and its colonies. It was led by Philippe Pétain , the aging war hero of the First World War. Petain's representatives signed a harsh Armistice on 22 June, whereby Germany kept most of the French army in camps in Germany, and France had to pay out large sums in ...
It was established on 4 October 1958 by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic. [ 3 ] The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system [ 4 ] that split powers between a president as head of state and a ...
France, [IX] officially the French Republic, [X] is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world.
The Pays de France is also called the Plaine de France ("Plain of France"). Its historic main town is Saint-Denis, where the first Gothic cathedral in the world was built in the 12th century, and inside which the kings of France are buried. The Pays de France is now almost entirely built up as the northern extension of the Paris suburbs.
The list shows large groupings associated with the dates of independence from decolonization (e.g., 41 current states gained control of sovereignty from the United Kingdom and France between 1956 and 1966) or dissolution of a political union (e.g., 18 current states gained control of sovereignty from the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia between 1990 ...
French Third Republic (1870–1940), deposing the Second Empire and lasting until the Fall of France to Nazi Germany; French Fourth Republic (1946–1958), deposing the French State in the aftermath of World War II; French Fifth Republic (1958–present), since the 1958 French constitutional referendum
To a large extent, modern France lies within clear limits of physical geography.Roughly half of its margin lies on sea coasts: one continuous coastline along "La Manche" ("the sleeve" or English Channel) and the Atlantic Ocean forming the country's north-western and western edge, and a shorter, separate coastline along the Mediterranean Sea forming its south-eastern edge.
France obtains Lille and other territories of Flanders from Spain. 1678: Treaties of Nijmegen: A series of treaties ending the Franco-Dutch War. France obtains the Franche-Comté and some cities in Flanders and Hainaut (from Spain). 1684: 15 August: Truce of Ratisbon: End of the War of the Reunions. France obtains further territories in the ...