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The Gold (Control) Act, 1968 is a repealed Act of the Parliament of India which was enacted to control sale and holding of gold in personal possession. High demand for gold in India with negligible indigenous production results in gold imports, leading to drastic devaluation of the Indian rupee and depletion of foreign exchange reserves to alarming levels.
To address the economic crisis, the government implemented various measures, including the pledge of a significant portion of India's gold reserves to the Bank of England and the Union Bank of Switzerland as collateral. The aim of this move was to secure much-needed foreign exchange to meet India's debt obligations and stabilize the economy.
Gold smuggling was rampant in India until liberalisation, which repealed The Gold (Control) Act, 1968 that prohibited the import of gold except for jewellery. [4] In the 2011–12 period India's current account deficit burgeoned to 4.2% of its GDP. [5] This was due to high prices of oil and gold, which the country imports in huge volumes. [6]
In return for an IMF bailout, India transferred gold bullion to London as collateral, devalued the rupee and accepted economic reforms. [40] The federal government, with Manmohan Singh as finance minister, reduced licensing regulations; lowered tariffs, duties and taxes and opened up to international trade and investment.
While gold inflows into India have remained high after reforms, gold smuggling is no longer the menace as it used to be. Similar effective reforms of other vulnerable sectors like real estate, the report suggests can yield a significant dividend in the form of reducing generation of black money in the long term.
The economic liberalisation in India refers to the series of policy changes aimed at opening up the country's economy to the world, with the objective of making it more market-oriented and consumption-driven. The goal was to expand the role of private and foreign investment, which was seen as a means of achieving economic growth and development.
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In the year 2024–2025, gold and its finished items (HS code 71) were the second-largest traded items with 55.846 billion US$ worth imports and 41.692 billion US$ worth re-exports after value addition, and a significant amount of this Gold is being imported from Japan as Gold Chemical Compounds to save duty and import tax free under India ...