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Lung parenchyma showing damage due to large subpleural bullae. Parenchyma (/ pəˈrɛŋkɪmə /) [1][2] is the bulk of functional substance in an animal organ or structure such as a tumour. In zoology, it is the tissue that fills the interior of flatworms. In botany, it is some layers in the cross-section of the leaf. [3]
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system in many terrestrial animals, including all tetrapod vertebrates and a small number of amphibious fish (lungfish and bichirs), pulmonate gastropods (land snails and slugs, which have analogous pallial lungs), and some arachnids (tetrapulmonates such as spiders and scorpions, which have book ...
A pulmonary contusion is a bruise of the lung tissue caused by trauma. [33] Damaged capillaries from a contusion can cause blood and other fluids to accumulate in the tissue of the lung, impairing gas exchange. Pulmonary edema is the buildup of fluid in the parenchyma and alveoli. An edema is usually caused by left ventricular heart failure, or ...
Pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. [ 1 ] Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing. [ 1 ] Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues.
Zone 4 can be seen at the lung bases at low lung volumes or in pulmonary edema. Pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi) rises as lung volume decreases due to reduced radial tethering of the lung parenchyma. Pi is highest at the base of the lung due to the weight of the above lung tissue.
Pneumonia can lead to the development of a lung abscess, [4] which is a pus-containing necrotic lesion of the lung parenchyma (lung tissue). [5] On CT scan of the chest, a lung abscess appears as an intermediate- or thick-walled cavity with or without an air-fluid level (a flat line separating the air in the cavity from the fluid). [4]
Emphysema is any air-filled enlargement in the body's tissues. [5] Most commonly emphysema refers to the permanent enlargement of air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs, [5][6] and is also known as pulmonary emphysema. Emphysema is a lower respiratory tract disease, [7] characterised by enlarged air-filled spaces in the lungs, that can vary in size ...