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The Post-Suharto era began with the fall of Suharto in 1998 during which Indonesia has been in a period of transition, an era known as Reformasi (English: Reform [21] [22] [23]). This period has seen a more open and liberal political-social environment. Indonesia's transition to democracy was a key part of the broader reform era. [24]
After Suharto's resignation, Vice President B. J. Habibie was sworn in as president and undertook numerous political reforms. In February 1999, the Habibie administration passed the Political Parties Law, [8] under which political parties would not be limited to just three as had been
Following Indonesia's communal and political conflicts, and its economic collapse and social breakdown of the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the "New Order" was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process.
Indonesia's transition to the New Order in the mid-1960s ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position.One of the most tumultuous periods in the country's modern history, it was also the commencement of Suharto's 31-year presidency.
The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies. ISBN 979-97445-0-4. Indonesia Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook — Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures (updated ed.). International Business Pub., USA. 2015. ISBN 9781514517017. King, Dwight Y. (2003).
Having consolidated power in 1967 in the aftermath of the attempted coup in 1965 which was launched by middle-ranking officers in the Indonesian army and air force but officially blamed on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) resulting in purges, the government of Suharto adopted policies that severely restricted civil liberties and instituted a system of rule that effectively split power ...
After the 1998 Reform, the new regime was increasingly open on constitutional amendment proposals. The law requiring a referendum to amend the constitution passed in 1985 was revoked in March 1999, significantly simplifying the future constitutional amendment process. [ 3 ]
An election rally for the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, 1999. The Indonesian political party system is regulated by Act No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties. [3] The law defines political party as "a national organisation founded by like-minded Indonesian citizens with common goals to fulfill common interests and to defend the unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as ...