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The debate over whether 'honorary Dan ranks' are acceptable or not. [19] [20] The differences between Dan rank standards in different martial arts and schools. The number of Dan ranks used (usually 10, but on occasion there might be 12, 15 or even more). The question on which Dan rank could award other, lower Dan ranks.
Most aikido systems add a pair of wide pleated black or indigo trousers known as hakama (used also in Naginatajutsu, kendo, and iaido). In many schools, the wearing of hakama is reserved for practitioners with dan ranks or for instructors, while others allow all practitioners to wear a hakama regardless of rank. [4]
In aikido, the title shihan often is granted to teachers when they reach 6th dan. [1] [2] It is sometimes associated with certain rights, such as the right to give out black belt ranks. However, the title is distinct from the black belt ranking system (段位 dan'i). [3]
The Dan ranking system starts after 1st kyū. Essentially, the kyū is the number of steps before reaching mastery whereas the dan gives steps into mastery. Pre-1st kyū and pre-2nd kyū are used in examinations of languages, because it is often hard to pass the examinations at 1st and 2nd kyū .
In 1995, he was awarded 6th dan; it took many years for another Swede to receive the same rank. He was given 7th dan in 2006. When Hombu in 1998 granted Swedish aikido the right to give dan ranks without a Japanese shihan present, it can be assumed that Hermansson's name in the grading committee was an important factor.
In judo and some forms of karate, a sixth dan will wear a red-and-white belt. The red-and-white belt is often reserved only for ceremonial occasions, and a regular black belt is still worn during training. At 9th or 10th dan some schools award red. In some schools of jujutsu, the shihan rank and higher wear purple belts. These other colors are ...
In Seiki Juku karate, a red belt denotes 10th Kyu, the lowest beginner rank. [5] In Shorinkan karate the red belt is the highest belt. In vovinam, the red belt is the highest master rank. In Kyokushin karate, as governed by the International Federation of Karate (IFK), a red belt denotes 10th and 9th kyu, the two lowest ranks after white belt ...
In some cases stripes are added to distinguish additional levels, or the rank of a master beyond the 1st dan. The red obi has the greatest variation among martial arts rankings. In some martial arts it is used for the highest dan ranks, the founder of a style or a grandmaster, while in others it designates a low or unranked beginner.