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Mars comes closer to Earth more than any other planet save Venus at its nearest—56 million km is the closest distance between Mars and Earth, whereas the closest Venus comes to Earth is 40 million km. Mars comes closest to Earth every other year, around the time of its opposition, when Earth is sweeping between the Sun and Mars. Extra-close ...
On both Earth and Mars, these two precessions are in opposite directions, and therefore add, to make the precession cycle between the tropical and anomalistic years 21,000 years on Earth and 29,700 Martian years (55,900 Earth years) on Mars. As on Earth, the period of rotation of Mars (the length of its day) is slowing down.
A simulation of a 4-satellite constellation in areostationary orbit . An areostationary orbit, areosynchronous equatorial orbit (AEO), or Mars geostationary orbit is a circular areosynchronous orbit (ASO) approximately 17,032 km (10,583 mi) in altitude above the Mars equator and following the direction of Mars's rotation.
Tracking Mars’ wobble, or nutation, enabled the team to measure the size of the core. The RISE data suggested the core has a radius of about 1,140 miles (1,835 kilometers).
Inversely, for calculating the distance where a body has to orbit in order to have a given orbital period T: a = G M T 2 4 π 2 3 {\displaystyle a={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {GMT^{2}}{4\pi ^{2}}}}} For instance, for completing an orbit every 24 hours around a mass of 100 kg , a small body has to orbit at a distance of 1.08 meters from the central body's ...
The orbits are ellipses, with foci F 1 and F 2 for Planet 1, and F 1 and F 3 for Planet 2. The Sun is at F 1.; The shaded areas A 1 and A 2 are equal, and are swept out in equal times by Planet 1's orbit.
where F g is the gravitational force acting between two objects, M E is the mass of the Earth, 5.9736 × 10 24 kg, m s is the mass of the satellite, r is the distance between the centers of their masses, and G is the gravitational constant, (6.674 28 ± 0.000 67) × 10 −11 m 3 kg −1 s −2.
The equatorial plane is the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the central body. An inclination of 30° could also be described using an angle of 150°. The convention is that the normal orbit is prograde, an orbit in the same direction as the planet rotates. Inclinations greater than 90° describe retrograde orbits (backward). Thus: