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Titin A-band has homologs in invertebrates, such as twitchin (unc-22) and projectin, which also contain Ig and FNIII repeats and a protein kinase domain. [27] The gene duplication events took place independently but were from the same ancestral Ig and FNIII domains. It is said that the protein titin was the first to diverge out of the family. [25]
Thick filaments consist primarily of the protein myosin, that is responsible for force generation. It is composed of a globular head with both ATP and actin binding sites, and a long tail involved in its polymerization into myosin filaments. Elastic filaments are made up of a giant protein called titin and hold the thick filaments in place.
The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic protein. The myofilaments act together in muscle contraction, and in order of size are a thick one of mostly myosin, a thin one of mostly actin, and a very thin one of mostly titin. [1] [2]
Similar to titin, it is thought to act as a molecular ruler along for thin filament assembly. Several proteins important for the stability of the sarcomeric structure are found in the Z-line as well as in the M-band of the sarcomere. Actin filaments and titin molecules are cross-linked in the Z-disc via the Z-line protein alpha-actinin.
Myomesin is bound to myosin at its N-terminal. Obscurin connects the myomesin dimers and binds to the C-terminal of titin. It is thought that the myomesin-titin interaction is vital for the execution of the mechanical functions of the Ser/Thr kinase domain of titin. [2] Myomesin is a protein family found in the M-line of the sarcomere structure.
Obscurin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OBSCN gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Obscurin belongs to the family of giant sarcomeric signaling proteins that includes titin and nebulin . Obscurin is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle , and plays a role in the organization of myofibrils during sarcomere assembly.
21393 Ensembl ENSG00000173991 ENSMUSG00000007877 UniProt O15273 O70548 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003673 NM_011540 RefSeq (protein) NP_003664 NP_003664.1 NP_035670 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 39.67 – 39.67 Mb Chr 11: 98.27 – 98.28 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Telethonin, also known as Tcap, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCAP gene. Telethonin is expressed in ...
The I-type Ig-like domains reside at the C-terminal half, and are most homologous to Ig domains 2-3 of palladin and Ig domains 4-5 of myopalladin and more distantly related to Z-disc Ig domains 7 and 8 of titin. The C-terminal region hosts the binding sites for Z-band proteins, and 2 Ig domains are the site of homodimerization for myotilin. [10]