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The term "biguanidine" often refers specifically to a class of drugs that function as oral antihyperglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. [4] Examples include: Metformin - widely used in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2; Phenformin - withdrawn from the market in most countries due to toxic effects
Computer-assisted organic synthesis software is a type of application software used in organic chemistry in tandem with computational chemistry to help facilitate the tasks of designing, predicting, and producing chemical reactions. CAOS aims to identify a series of chemical reactions which, from a starting compound, can produce a desired molecule.
Each precursor material is examined using the same method. This procedure is repeated until simple or commercially available structures are reached. These simpler/commercially available compounds can be used to form a synthesis of the target molecule. Retrosynthetic analysis was used as early as 1917 in Robinson's Tropinone total synthesis. [1]
In the modern era, plant-based drugs have been isolated, purified and synthesised anew. Synthesis of drugs has led to novel drugs, including those that have not existed before in nature, particularly drugs based on known drugs which have been modified by chemical or biological processes.
A detailed crystallographic analysis of guanidine was elucidated 148 years after its first synthesis, despite the simplicity of the molecule. [6] In 2013, the positions of the hydrogen atoms and their displacement parameters were accurately determined using single-crystal neutron diffraction. [7]
Sequence encoded routing Synthesis of a single-pharmacophore library by stepwise coupling and encoding. Harbury and Halpin developed DNA template libraries that direct like genes the synthesis of DNA encoded organic libraries. [22] [23] The members of the template combinatorial library contain the codes of all BBs and their order of couplings ...
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Synthesis can be de novo or salvage — AIR synthetase is a component of the de novo pathway. The first committed step of the de novo pathway begins with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and the end product is inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP is eventually converted to either AMP or GMP purines.