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The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to chronic alcoholism [21] NASA Public Affairs Officer Reginald Maudling: 14 February 1979 (aged 61) Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London, England Alcohol-related liver cirrhosis, Kidney failure United Kingdom Chancellor of the Exchequer: Ed Wood: 10 December 1978 (aged 54) Los Angeles, United States
[122] However, analysis of data collected over a century from multiple countries suggests that the gender gap in alcohol consumption is narrowing, and that young women (born after 1981) are consuming alcohol more than their male counterparts. Such findings have implications for the way in which alcohol-use prevention and intervention programs ...
"Approximately 5 percent of people with cirrhosis develop liver cancer. Cirrhosis is a disease that develops when liver cells are replaced with scar tissue after damage from alcohol abuse, …" [80] The NIAAA reports that "Prolonged, heavy drinking has been associated in many cases with primary liver cancer." However, it is liver cirrhosis ...
The 2010 ISCD study "Drug Harms in the UK: a multi-criteria decision analysis" [1] found that alcohol scored highest overall and in Economic cost, Injury, Family adversities, Environmental damage, and Community harm. Alcohol and society are closely intertwined, as it is widely consumed and legally permitted in most countries around the globe ...
Risk factors known as of 2010 are: Quantity of alcohol taken: Consumption of 60–80 g per day (14 g is considered one standard drink in the US, e.g. 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 US fl oz or 44 mL hard liquor, 5 US fl oz or 150 mL wine, 12 US fl oz or 350 mL beer; drinking a six-pack of 5% ABV beer daily would be 84 g and just over the upper limit) for 20 years or more in men, or 20 g/day for women ...
According to a report from 2016, alcohol misuse, misuse of illegal drugs and non-prescribed medications, treatment of associated disorders and lost productivity cost the U.S. more than $400 billion every year. [39] About 40 percent of those costs were paid by government, which implies a huge cost of alcohol and drug misuse to taxpayers.
In 2004–2005, statistics from the National Health Survey [36] show that among the general population over 18, 88% of males and 60% of females engaged in binge drinking at least once in the past year, with 12% and 4%, respectively, doing so at least once a week. Among 18 to 24-year-olds, 49% of males and 21% of females did so at least once a week.