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Chondrichthyes (/ k ɒ n ˈ d r ɪ k θ i iː z /; from Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage.
Bony fish have jaws and skeletons made of bone rather than cartilage. About 90% of the world's fish species are bony fish. Bony fish also have hard, bony plates called operculum which help them respire and protect their gills, and they often possess a swim bladder which they use for better control of their buoyancy.
The jaws were used in the buccal pump (observable in modern fish and amphibians) that pumps water across the gills of fish or air into the lungs of amphibians. Over evolutionary time, the more familiar use of jaws in feeding was selected for and became a very important function in vertebrates.
Archosargus probatocephalus is an omnivore, the larger juveniles and adults are predators of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), oysters, clams, crustaceans, and small fish with young Atlantic croakers (Micropogonias undulatus) The large flattened teeth are used to crush prey protected by shells or armor as well as to scrape barnacles off rocks ...
Osteichthyes (/ ˌ ɒ s t iː ˈ ɪ k θ iː z / ost-ee-IK-theez; from Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bone' and ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish'), [2] also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse clade of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue.
Golden-lined spinefoots form schools which decrease in size with the age of the fish and range from 10 to 25 fish in the adults, although they may from aggregations of several thousand fish when spawning. They feed on encrusting algae which they scrape off from beach rock or pavement areas of coral reefs, and on larger leafy algae. [2]
Towards the hind end of the fish. postorbital Behind the eye. precaudal Anterior to the tail portion. premaxillaries Two bones forming the front portion of the upper jaw. preocular spine A spine positioned above and in front of the eye. preopercle, preoperculum The bone between the cheek and the gill cover. preopercular spine
The freshwater drum is also called Russell fish, shepherd's pie, gray bass, [7] Gasper goo, Gaspergou, [8] gou, [8] grunt, grunter, [7] grinder, gooble gobble, and croaker. It is commonly known as sheephead and sunfish in parts of Canada, [ 9 ] and the United States.