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The sixteen equatorial quadrangles are the smallest, with surface areas of 4,500,000 square kilometres (1,700,000 sq mi) each, while the twelve mid-latitude quadrangles each cover 4,900,000 square kilometres (1,900,000 sq mi). The two polar quadrangles are the largest, with surface areas of 6,800,000 square kilometres (2,600,000 sq mi) each.
Vesta (radius 262.7 ± 0.1 km), the second-largest asteroid, appears to have a differentiated interior and therefore likely was once a dwarf planet, but it is no longer very round today. [74] Pallas (radius 255.5 ± 2 km ), the third-largest asteroid, appears never to have completed differentiation and likewise has an irregular shape.
Finding k 2 is helpful in understanding the interior structure on Mars. [13] The most updated k 2 obtained by Genova's team is 0.1697 ± 0.0009. [13] As if k 2 is smaller than 0.10 a solid core would be indicated, this tells that at least the outer core is liquid on Mars, [31] and the predicted core radius is 1520–1840 km. [31]
These proportionalities may be expressed by the formula: where g is the surface gravity of an object, expressed as a multiple of the Earth's, m is its mass, expressed as a multiple of the Earth's mass (5.976 × 10 24 kg) and r its radius, expressed as a multiple of the Earth's (mean) radius (6,371 km). [9] For instance, Mars has a mass of 6. ...
For example, if a TNO is incorrectly assumed to have a mass of 3.59 × 10 20 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm 3 but is later discovered to have a radius of only 175 km with a density of 0.5 g/cm 3, its true mass would be only 1.12 × 10 19 kg.
The InSight mission to Mars launched with a C 3 of 8.19 km 2 /s 2. [5] The Parker Solar Probe (via Venus) plans a maximum C 3 of 154 km 2 /s 2. [6] Typical ballistic C 3 (km 2 /s 2) to get from Earth to various planets: Mars 8-16, [7] Jupiter 80, Saturn or Uranus 147. [8] To Pluto (with its orbital inclination) needs about 160–164 km 2 /s 2. [9]
μ = Gm 1 + Gm 2 = μ 1 + μ 2, where m 1 and m 2 are the masses of the two bodies. Then: for circular orbits, rv 2 = r 3 ω 2 = 4π 2 r 3 /T 2 = μ; for elliptic orbits, 4π 2 a 3 /T 2 = μ (with a expressed in AU; T in years and M the total mass relative to that of the Sun, we get a 3 /T 2 = M) for parabolic trajectories, rv 2 is constant and ...
One of the most significant features of the Lunae Palus region, Kasei Valles, is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars. Like other outflow channels, it was carved by liquid water, probably during gigantic floods. Kasei is about 2,400 kilometers (1,500 mi) long. Some sections of Kasei Valles are 300 kilometers (190 mi) wide.