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Bashar al-Assad was born in Damascus on 11 September 1965, as the second son and third child of Anisa Makhlouf and Hafez al-Assad. [15] " Al-Assad " in Arabic means " the lion ". Assad's paternal grandfather, Ali al-Assad , had managed to change his status from peasant to minor notable and, to reflect this, in 1927 he had changed the family ...
Former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad is an Alawite. [10] The Alawites are the third largest religious group in Syria, after the Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. [10] Hafez al-Assad and his son, former President Bashar al-Assad, belong to the Alawite sect. [10]
On the other hand, Al-Assad "declared the Alawites to be nothing but Twelver Shiites". [179] In a paper, "Islamic Education in Syria", Landis wrote that "no mention" is made in Syrian textbooks (controlled by the Al-Assad regime) of Alawites, Druze, Ismailis or Shia Islam; Islam was presented as a monolithic religion. [180]
The rebel offensive that ended Bashar al-Assad's 24-year rule has left Syria facing an ... with a range of minority groups including Shia Alawites, of which the ousted president Bashar al-Assad is ...
DAMASCUS, SYRIA - MAY 03: Syria's President Bashar al-Assad, seen during the Signing of the comprehensive program of strategic and long-term cooperation between Iran and Syria, On May 03, 2023 In ...
When Bashar al-Assad was toppled on Sunday, it turned the page on not only his 24-year presidency but on more than 50 years of his family ruling Syria. Before Assad took office in 2000, his late ...
The Assad regime had attempted to supplant the Alawite religious identity. Bashar al-Assad attempted to integrate Alawites into Sunni Islam as to alleviate Sunni opposition to his rule, while Hafez al-Assad entirely dismissed the Alawite faith as simply Twelver Shi'ism. Alawites insisted that they were a distinct Islamic sect, while accusing ...
Bashar al-Assad's strategy of importing Iran-backed Shia fundamentalists engaged in regional conflict with Sunni-majority countries and his portrayal as being the sole defender of Alawite interests from the Syrian Sunni majority; led to the transformation of the conflict into a sectarian war by late 2013. [12]