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Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈ v ɛ s p ər, v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər [2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3]
As described by the VSEPR model, the five valence electron pairs on the central atom form a trigonal bipyramid in which the three lone pairs occupy the less crowded equatorial positions and the two bonded atoms occupy the two axial positions at the opposite ends of an axis, forming a linear molecule.
The geometry is common for certain main group compounds that have a stereochemically-active lone pair, as described by VSEPR theory. Certain compounds crystallize in both the trigonal bipyramidal and the square pyramidal structures, notably [Ni(CN) 5 ] 3− .
This constraint removes one degree of freedom from the choices of (originally) six free bond angles to leave only five choices of bond angles. (The angles θ 11, θ 22, θ 33, and θ 44 are always zero and that this relationship can be modified for a different number of peripheral atoms by expanding/contracting the square matrix.)
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Italy is ready to talk to the incoming U.S. administration of Donald Trump to avoid potential retaliation against Rome's domestic web tax, Deputy Economy Minister Maurizio Leo said on Tuesday.
Gaussian / ˈ ɡ aʊ s i ə n / is a general purpose computational chemistry software package initially released in 1970 by John Pople [1] [2] and his research group at Carnegie Mellon University as Gaussian 70. [3]
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