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Brian P. Irwin argues that "Baal" in northern Israelite traditions is a form of Yahweh that was rejected as foreign by the prophets. In southern Israelite traditions, "Baal" was a god that was worshipped in Jerusalem. His worshippers saw him as compatible or identical with Yahweh and honored him with human sacrifices and fragrant meal offerings.
Yam, the sea god and primary antagonist of Baal in the first two tablets of the Baal Cycle; Mot, the underworld god and primary antagonist of Baal in the last two tablets; Anat, sister and major ally to Baal; Athtar, god of the stars; El, the king of the gods, and his wife, Athirat the queen-god and mother of the pantheon. These characters have ...
According to Yehezkel Kaufmann, "Baal-berith and El-berith of Judges 9:4,46 is presumably YHWH", as "ba'al was an epithet of YHWH in earlier times". [ 4 ] Elsewhere, some of the Shechemites are called "men of Hamor"; [ 5 ] this is compared to "sons of Hamor", which in the ancient Middle East referred to people who had entered into a covenant ...
During the reign of Ahab, and particularly following his marriage to Jezebel, Baal may have briefly replaced Yahweh as the national god of Israel (but not Judah). [72] [73] In the 9th century BCE, there are indications of rejection of Baal worship associated with the prophets Elijah and Elisha.
Worship of Baal and Yahweh coexisted in the early period of Israel's history, but they were considered irreconcilable after the 9th century BCE, following the efforts of King Ahab and his queen Jezebel to elevate Baal to the status of national god, [41] although the cult of Baal did continue for some time. [42]
Baal Zephon stele. The only instance where the Canaanite god is depicted in both image and language is a wholly Egyptian work featuring Ba'al Zephon. Eythan Levy notes a parallel between Ba'al Zephon and the "Asiatic Seth." Seth's attributes are horns, an ankh in one hand, a was sceptre in the other, and a beard.
In the Baal Cycle he is portrayed as an enemy of the weather god, Baal. Their struggle revolves around attaining the rank of the king of the gods. The narrative portrays Yam as the candidate favored by the senior god El, though ultimately it is Baal who emerges victorious. Yam nonetheless continues to be referenced through the story after his ...
It is also used very occasionally in Hebrew texts to refer to God (e.g. Psalm 136:3.) [37] Deuteronomy 10:17 has the proper name Yahweh alongside the superlative constructions "God of gods" (elōhê ha-elōhîm, literally, "the gods of gods") and "Lord of lords" (adōnê ha-adōnîm, "the lords of lords": כִּי יְהוָה ...