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Red phosphorus is often used to prepare chemicals where the P-P bond is retained. Upon room temperature action with sodium chlorite, Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 6 is formed. [17] Red phosphorus can be used as an elemental photocatalyst for hydrogen formation from the water. [18] [7] It has also been researched as a sodium ion battery anode. [19] [2]
Violet phosphorus (right) by a sample of red phosphorus (left) Hitorff's phosphorus structure. Monoclinic phosphorus, violet phosphorus, or Hittorf's metallic phosphorus is a crystalline form of the amorphous red phosphorus. [15] [16] In 1865, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf heated red phosphorus in a sealed tube at 530 °C. The upper part of the tube ...
When a safe process for manufacturing red phosphorus was discovered, with its far lower flammability and toxicity, laws were enacted, under the Berne Convention (1906), requiring its adoption as a safer alternative for match manufacture. [23] The toxicity of white phosphorus led to discontinuation of its use in matches. [24]
With the addition of a grit such as boron carbide (in a modified formulation given as 70% KClO 3, 19% red phosphorus, 3% sulfur, 3% chalk, and 5% boron carbide by weight), Armstrong's mixture has been considered for use in firearm primers. [5] This use as primer for artillery propellants may have been Armstrong's original purpose. [6]
The major innovation in its development was the use of red phosphorus, not on the head of the match but instead on a specially designed striking surface. Arthur Albright developed the industrial process for large-scale manufacture of red phosphorus after Schrötter's discoveries became known. By 1851, his company was producing the substance by ...
People exposed to white phosphorus can suffer severe and sometimes deadly bone-deep burns. It can cause organs to shut down, and burns on just 10% of the body can be fatal, HRW said.
The U.S. now uses white phosphorus in artillery shells to produce smoke and conceal troop movements and to create light and illuminate the battlefield. The Pentagon recommendation was to provide ...
Red phosphorus: methamphetamine, amphetamine: White phosphorus (other names: yellow phosphorus) methamphetamine, amphetamine: Hypophosphorous acid and its salts (including ammonium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, iron hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, manganese hypophosphite, magnesium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite)