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Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, [3] comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [ 4 ] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [ 5 ]
In nature, proline, hydroxyproline, pipecolic acid and sarcosine are well-known secondary amino acids. Proline is the only proteinogenic secondary amino acids. Other secondary amino acids are non-proteinogenic amino acids. In protein, hydroxyproline is incorporated into protein by hydroxylation of proline.
In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. [2] [3] Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen.
Extensin hydroxyproline is uniquely glycosylated with short chains of L-arabinose [8] that further rigidify [9] and increase hydrophilicity. Generally the serine has a single galactose attached. Generally the serine has a single galactose attached.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:[Skp1-protein]-hydroxyproline N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-transferase. Other names in common use include Skp1-HyPro GlcNAc-transferase , UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc):hydroxyproline polypeptide , GlcNAc-transferase , UDP-GlcNAc:Skp1-hydroxyproline GlcNAc-transferase , and UDP ...
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxyproline epimerase (EC 5.1.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline ...
Two amino acids are alkanolamines, formally speaking: serine and hydroxyproline. Veratridine and veratrine; Tropane alkaloids such as atropine; hormones and neurotransmitters epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
The mutation in the gene encodes prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1. The malfunctioning prolyl 3-hydroxylase in leprecan leads to inappropriate collagen folding. This is due to the instability caused by the absence of hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline is the product of hydroxylating a proline residue. [5]
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