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  2. 4.2-kiloyear event - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4.2-kiloyear_event

    The 4.2 ka event appears to have wettened the climate in the Alps. [37] Lake Petit saw increased precipitation during the ice-free season, evidenced by an increase in δ 18 O diatom. [38] Southern Italy, in contrast, experienced intense aridification. [37] A major decline in forests occurred in Italy as a result of the climatic perturbation. [39]

  3. Earthquake swarm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_swarm

    October 15, 2020, an earthquake swarm occurred on the island of Panay ranging from magnitudes 2.5-4.5. Most of these quakes felt in Iloilo City. [11] A previous swarm also hit Panay on November 5, 2018 (Including Antique, Iloilo and Guimaras) ranging from magnitudes 4.0-4.8. The first earthquake (magnitude 4.7) at 7:45 A.M, occurred at San Jose ...

  4. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report

    The overall risks of climate change impacts can be reduced by limiting the rate and magnitude of climate change" [14] Working Group III: Without new policies to mitigate climate change, projections suggest an increase in global mean temperature in 2100 of 3.7 to 4.8 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels (median values; the range is 2.5 to 7.8 ...

  5. Modified Mercalli intensity scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Mercalli...

    The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS) measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location. This is in contrast with the seismic magnitude usually reported for an earthquake. Magnitude scales measure the inherent force or strength of an earthquake – an event occurring at greater or lesser depth. (The "M w" scale is ...

  6. Seismic magnitude scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales

    Much of an earthquake's total energy as measured by M w is dissipated as friction (resulting in heating of the crust). [52] An earthquake's potential to cause strong ground shaking depends on the comparatively small fraction of energy radiated as seismic waves, and is better measured on the energy magnitude scale, M e. [53]

  7. Earthquake prediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_prediction

    In southern California about 6% of M≥3.0 earthquakes are "followed by an earthquake of larger magnitude within 5 days and 10 km." [12] In central Italy 9.5% of M≥3.0 earthquakes are followed by a larger event within 48 hours and 30 km. [13] While such statistics are not satisfactory for purposes of prediction (giving ten to twenty false ...

  8. Natural disaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disaster

    San Francisco was devastated by an earthquake in 1906 Global number of deaths from earthquake (1960–2017) An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking, and sometimes displacement of the ground.

  9. Climate change scenario - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_scenario

    A climate change scenario is a hypothetical future based on a "set of key driving forces". [ 1 ] : 1812 Scenarios explore the long-term effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation . [ 2 ] Scenarios help to understand what the future may hold.