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Operation Tiderace was the codename of the British plan to retake Singapore following the Japanese surrender in 1945. [4] The liberation force was led by Lord Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander of South East Asia Command.
After World War II ended, the main four Allied powers – Great Britain, The United States, France, and the Soviet Union – jointly occupied Germany, with the Allied occupation officially ending in the 1950s. During this time, Germany was held accountable for the Allied occupation's expenses, amounting to over several billion dollars. [21]
After World War II, according to the Potsdam conference held between July 17 and August 2, 1945, Germany was to pay the Allies US$23 billion mainly in machinery and manufacturing plants. Dismantling in the West stopped in 1950. Reparations to the Soviet Union stopped in 1953 (only paid by the GDR).
Congress fails to reach agreement with President Clinton on the budget, resulting in the United States federal government shutdowns of 1995–1996; Republicans also threaten not to raise the debt ceiling. 2011: 2011 United States debt-ceiling crisis: 2013: 2013 United States debt-ceiling crisis: 2023: 2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis
The Dutch KNIL garrisons stationed on Batam had already abandoned the island on 14 February 1942, after hearing reports of the impending total collapse of Singapore across the strait. Six days after the fall of Singapore, Japanese forces captured Tanjungpinang, marking the complete fall of the Riau Islands under Japanese control. [175]
The memorial was officially unveiled by Singapore's first prime minister Lee Kuan Yew on the 25th anniversary of the start of the Japanese occupation in 1967. [16] It was constructed with part of the S$50 million 'blood debt' compensation paid by the Japanese government in October 1966. [16] Speaking at the unveiling ceremony, Lee said:
The history of the Republic of Singapore began when Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. [1] After the separation, the fledgling nation had to become self-sufficient, however was faced with problems including mass unemployment, housing shortages and lack of land and natural resources such as petroleum.
During World War II, Operation Zipper was a British plan to capture either Port Swettenham or Port Dickson, Malaya, as staging areas for the recapture of Singapore in Operation Mailfist. However, due to the end of the war in the Pacific, it was never fully executed.