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In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
The conversion between hydroxyl value and other hydroxyl content measurements is obtained by multiplying the hydroxyl value by the factor 17/560. [2] The chemical substance may be a fat, oil, natural or synthetic ester, or other polyol. [3] ASTM D 1957 [4] and ASTM E222-10 [5] describe several versions of this method of determining hydroxyl value.
Structure of the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. The suffix –ol is used in organic chemistry principally to form names of organic compounds containing the hydroxyl (–OH) group, mainly alcohols. The suffix was extracted from the word alcohol. The suffix also appears in some trivial names with reference to oils (from Latin oleum, oil).
The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group (−OH). The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [1] In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom.
The two hydroxyl groups in a geminal diol are easily converted to a carbonyl or keto group C=O by loss of one water molecule. Conversely, a keto group can combine with water to form the geminal hydroxyl groups. The equilibrium in water solution may be shifted towards either compound. For example, the equilibrium constant for the conversion of ...
In organic chemistry, a hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: −C(OH)(NR 2)−. R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group. Hemiaminals are intermediates in imine formation from an amine and a carbonyl by alkylimino-de-oxo ...
The hydroxymethyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH 2 −OH. It consists of a methylene bridge ( −CH 2 − unit) bonded to a hydroxyl group ( −OH ). This makes the hydroxymethyl group an alcohol .
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function. [1] [2] Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example the functionalisation of a surface [3] (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)