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The laser works by the same principle as the maser, but produces higher-frequency coherent radiation at visible wavelengths. The maser was the precursor to the laser, inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. When the coherent optical oscillator was first ...
The brightness temperature of a maser is the temperature a black body would have if producing the same emission brightness at the wavelength of the maser. That is, if an object had a temperature of about 10 9 K it would produce as much 1665-MHz radiation as a strong interstellar OH maser.
The terms laser and maser are also used for naturally occurring coherent emissions, as in astrophysical maser and atom laser. [18] [19] A laser that produces light by itself is technically an optical oscillator rather than an optical amplifier as suggested by the acronym. [20]
Laser-based directed-energy weapons have been under development for defense purposes, particularly for the destruction of incoming missiles. One such example is the Boeing Airborne Laser, constructed inside a Boeing 747 and designated as the YAL-1.
Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov [1] (born Alexander Michael Prochoroff, Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров; 11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was a Russian physicist and researcher on lasers and masers in the former Soviet Union for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov.
For instance, characters of the Lost in Space TV series (1965–1968) and of the Star Trek pilot episode "The Cage" (1964) carried handheld laser weapons. [ 7 ] By the late 1960s and 1970s, as the laser's limits as a weapon became evident, rayguns were dubbed " phasers " (for Star Trek ), " blasters " ( Star Wars ), "pulse rifles", " plasma ...
Bloembergen had modified the maser of Charles Townes, [13] and in 1956, Bloembergen developed a crystal maser, which was more powerful than the standard gaseous version. [ 9 ] With the advent of the laser, he participated in the development of the field of laser spectroscopy , which allows precise observations of atomic structure using lasers.
Maiman had begun conceptualizing a solid-state laser design even before he undertook the maser project at Hughes. [ 5 ] : 45 [ 14 ] : 59 Moving the microwave frequency of masers up the electromagnetic spectrum 50,000-fold to the frequency of light would require finding a feasible lasing medium and excitation source and designing the system.
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