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Ostyak (Russian: Остя́к) is a name formerly used to refer to several Indigenous peoples and languages in Siberia, Russia. Both the Khanty people and the Ket people were formerly called Ostyaks, whereas the Selkup people were referred to as Ostyak-Samoyed.
The older Russian name Ostyak is from Khanty as-kho 'person from the Ob (as) River,' with -yak after other ethnic terms like Permyak. [7] Some Khanty princedoms were partially included in the Siberia Khanate from the 1440s–1570s. In the 11th century, Yugra was actually a term for numerous tribes, each having its own centre and its own chief.
Khanty (also spelled Khanti or Hanti), previously known as Ostyak (/ ˈ ɒ s t j æ k /), [4] is a Uralic language family that has multiple dialect continuua and is varyingly considered a language or a collection of distinct languages spoken in the Khanty-Mansi and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug .
Ket people or Yenisei Ostyaks, indigenous people of the Yenisei River basin, Krasnoyarsk Krai district, Russia; Selkup people or Ostyak-Samoyeds, indigenous people in Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia; Perm (Ostyak) Tatars, a subgroup of the Volga Tatars ethnic group
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In Russian the Selkup call themselves Ostyak. This name is originally an exonym originating from the 17th century, when it was used to denote the Ob-Ugrian and Samoyed population of the Middle Ob region. By the end of the 20th century the name had been adopted by the Selkup as an indigenous name. [4]
The Ket (/ ˈ k ɛ t / KET [3]) language, or more specifically Imbak and formerly known as Yenisei Ostyak (/ ˈ ɒ s t i æ k / OSS-tee-ak [3]), is a Siberian language long thought to be an isolate, the sole surviving language of a Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the middle Yenisei basin by the Ket people.