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The expression collective behavior was first used by Franklin Henry Giddings [1] and employed later by Robert Park and Ernest Burgess, [2] Herbert Blumer, [3] Ralph H. Turner and Lewis Killian, [4] and Neil Smelser [5] to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way.
In social psychology, collective narcissism (or group narcissism) is the tendency to exaggerate the positive image and importance of a group to which one belongs. [1] [2] The group may be defined by ideology, race, political beliefs/stance, religion, sexual orientation, social class, language, nationality, employment status, education level, cultural values, or any other ingroup.
Cultural factors may also play a role in shaping perceptions of entitativity, as culture influences how individuals view and prioritize groups. In collectivist cultures, where personal interdependence and group harmony are central, groups are seen as integral to identity and social organization.
The term individualistic culture was first used in the 1980s by Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede to describe countries and cultures that are not collectivist; Hofstede created the term individualistic culture when he created a measurement for the five dimensions of cultural values. [2]
In 1989, Alberto Melucci published Nomads of the Present, which introduces his model of collective identity based on studies of the social movements of the 1980s. Melucci based his ideas on the writings by Touraine (1925-2023) and Pizzorno (1924-2019), specifically their ideas on social movements and collective action respectively.
For example, a tax deduction (private good) can be tied to a donation to a charity (public good). It can be shown that the provision of the public good increases when tied to the private good, as long as the private good is provided by a monopoly (otherwise the private good would be provided by competitors without the link to the public good).
Cultural pluralism can be practiced at varying degrees by a group or an individual. [5] A prominent example of pluralism is the United States, in which a dominant culture with strong elements of nationalism, a sporting culture, and an artistic culture contained also smaller groups with their own ethnic, religious, and cultural norms. [citation ...
Collectivist anarchism, a socialist doctrine in which the workers own and manage the production Collectivism (art) , art which is created by a group of people rather than an individual Communitarianism , a political position that emphasizes the importance of the community over the individual or attempts to integrate the two