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The triple helix model of innovation refers to a set of interactions between academia (the university), industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. [1][2][3] In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle (helix ...
The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework describes university-industry-government-public-environment interactions within a knowledge economy.In innovation helix framework theory, first developed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff [1] [2] and used in innovation economics and theories of knowledge, such as the knowledge society and the knowledge economy, each sector is ...
Structural unemployment. Structural unemployment is a form of involuntary unemployment caused by a mismatch between the skills that workers in the economy can offer, and the skills demanded of workers by employers (also known as the skills gap). Structural unemployment is often brought about by technological changes that make the job skills of ...
The pay gap between academia and industry is also astronomical, which has the added effect of making corporate jobs much more financially attractive to students. The NIH determines stipend amounts ...
This facilitated America's westward expansion and economic development by connecting the frontier with the industrial, financial, and political centers of the East. Americans increasingly relied upon technological infrastructures like the railroad, electric, and telecommunications systems for economic and social activities.
Three sectors according to Fourastié Clark's sector model This figure illustrates the percentages of a country's economy made up by different sector. The figure illustrates that countries with higher levels of socio-economic development tend to have less of their economy made up of primary and secondary sectors and more emphasis in tertiary sectors.
Institution. World Bank. Harvard University. Stanford University. Hollis Burnley Chenery (January 6, 1918 – September 1, 1994) was an American economist well known for his pioneering contribution in the field of development economics.
Technology gap. Technology Gap Theory is a model developed by M.V. Posner in 1961, which describes an advantage enjoyed by the country that introduces new goods in a market. [1] The country will enjoy a comparative advantage as well as a temporary state of monopoly until other countries have achieved the ability to imitate the new good.